Rhetorical Analysis Of Benjamin Franklin s The...

Adnan Eid Midterm essay Pop culture In 1755, Benjamin Franklin stated in a letter to the colonial governor â€Å"Those who would give up essential Liberty to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety.† This letter was about raising money through taxation in order to use the money to provide better defense against French and Indian attacks. This quote is used today in the context of liberty and security. Today, particularly in the post 9/11 era, it is an ongoing debate as to whether we should be trading some or all of our liberty for security. In the 1770’s, our founding fathers declared their independence from the British. They gave up the protection and economic security they gained from the British Empire. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote: We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Our founding fathersShow MoreRelatedStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pages AP Literary and Rhetorical Terms 1. 2. alliteration- Used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolicRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrateRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Prosperity Gospel - 1546 Words

In today’s society, Christianity is plagued with many disagreements about how to deal with current issues in society. These problems arise from the fact that Christians have the same fundamental beliefs, but they often disagree on the details. This is the reason why there is a panoply of denominations in the Christian faith. The way that many of the factions in Christianity interpret the word of God can be categorized into different styles of gospel, such as evangelicalism and fundamentalism. One such category that is beginning to gain popularity in today’s society, often taught in megachurches, is Prosperity Gospel. Prosperity Gospel, also called the â€Å"Health and Wealth Gospel† by Scot McKnight’s internet article â€Å"The Problem for the†¦show more content†¦[†¦] But seek first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well (The New International Version, Matthew 28-33). This verse is saying that God provides only the best for His creations, and that He will provide even more for His people because they are made in His image. This verse is also saying that if you are faithful to God that this promise will be fulfilled. Other verses conveying this same message are given in 3 John 1:2 and Philippians 9: 14. All of these passages such as this one reinforce the belief that God wants to see us live successful lives. This promise is often appealing to those who face â€Å"appalling social realities within which this teaching flourishes and the measure of hope it holds† (â€Å"Lausanne Theology Working Group Statement on the Prosperity Gospel† 1). This quote shows that this form of gospel gives hope to those who wish to improve their lives through faithfulness. Although Prosperity Gospel offers a desirable interpretation of the Bible, it does not offer the whole story according to many opponents of Prosperity Gospel. Many of the figures that p reachers of the Prosperity Gospel focus on to get across their message are found in the Old Testament. Even though the Old Testament is very important to understanding Christianity, Christians believe that everything completely changed when Jesus came to Earth and died on the cross. One difference in the New Testament is that there are far less peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Nations Be Glad, By John Piper822 Words   |  4 Pagesnation† (255). Piper begins his work by offering a thorough critique of the prosperity gospel and the dangerous effect that gospel has on missions. By claiming that the prosperity gospel undermines believer’s covenantal witness, minimizes godliness, makes little of the spiritual battle that is raging, and undercuts the gospel’s assurance that followers of Jesus will endure suffering, Piper appeals to those who proclaim this gospel to cease, as it harms the mission of the church. From there, the authorRead MoreAnalysis Of A City Is A Simple Concept Driven Book 1090 Words   |  5 PagesT.A.C book review Transform a city is a simple, concept driven book, written by two evangelical pastors who are passionate about their city. T.A.C communicates it s concepts well through helpful visuals and models. T.A.C clearly explains the gospel, and how it is the basis of their ministry to their city. The authors are suggesting a theological view that through ministering to a city The church can transform the city to conform to the will of God. T.A.C crosses theological particulars and denominationalRead MoreWe live in a world where religion is all around us. But why is everyone so interested in finding1300 Words   |  6 Pagescomes from the four Gospels written by, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, which can be found in the New Testament. So, what is a Messiah? The Jews believed that the Messiah would come and present to them a new world free from Roman power and bring about a greater national prosperity. They were expecting not a humble servant of God but a literal king or military leader. Therefore, when investigators want to learn more about Jesus the Messiah and his teachings they can refer to the Four Gospels. Many ChristiansRead MoreThe Salvation Is Not From All Humanity768 Words   |  4 PagesThis book is dedicated to every believer that loves the Lord and to the preaching of the gospel regardless of your color, background, and ethnicity. God came in the flesh to identify with humankind, not only to one particular ethnicity, but to all humanity. I am writing this book not to pick on anyone or any ethnicity in particular, but rather to let each and everyone know that God loves them very much that He had to sacrifice His only begotten son in order to save all human beings. There are peopleRead MoreWhat Evangelicalism And Fundamentalism Means Throughout History Essay1798 Words   |  8 Pagesof this faith is to see what you believe†). Even though the prosperity Gospel popped through at times, it wasn’t insipid. Ultimately, it really impressed me that even as a very obvious evangelical, he was learned. Perhaps someone like Milton Wells would have spoken up against Pastor Cassidy having a Doctorate. â€Å"Spiritual excellence is being relinquished imperceptibly for intellectual excellence†. But Pastor Cassidy still had the Gospel of Jesus at the core of his message, so maybe Wells and evenRead MoreExegesis of Mark 10:17-31 Essay2977 Words   |  12 PagesThe beginning and ending of the story are noted here to separate these ideas from the one before (the story of little children) and the one after (a prediction of Jesus’s own death). The Book of Mark is one of the four gospels in the New Testament and one of the three synoptic gospels, and it is described as a historical narrative (Mueller 66). Thematically, the story of the Rich Young Ruler is consistent with the common theme in this book: the lack of understanding about Jesus and Jesus’ teachingsRead MoreThe Gospel Of Mark Is The Earliest Gospel2320 Words   |  10 PagesDà ¼nzl, begins by stating that th e Gospel of Mark is the earliest gospel written, shortly after 70 AD. Mark uses the title â€Å"Son of God† for the first time in relation to the beginning of Jesus’ public appearance after John the Baptist baptizes him. As Jesus rises from the water a vision is given where the heaven opens, the Pneuma, i.e. the Spirit of God, descends upon him, and a voice from heaven is heard saying, â€Å"You are my son, the Beloved; with you I am well pleased.† (cf. Mark1:9-11) (p.4) WeRead MoreLuke s Kingdom Of God And Its Unlimited Community Attained Through Speech2852 Words   |  12 PagesJerome Bollettieri Literature Humanities Professor Bengtsson 12/7/14 Luke’s ‘Kingdom of God’ and Its Unlimited Community Attained through Speech The Gospel of Luke serves to provide a model for people to engage in issues that affect communities: such as poverty, health, and exclusion of certain peoples. Luke’s gospel interprets the story of Jesus from apparent eyewitness accounts and conveys a perspective of his own communal ideal in response to these socially and ethically based issues. LukeRead MoreIn The Book Of Revelation, John Writes An Apocalyptic Letter1654 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book of Revelation, John writes an apocalyptic letter each to the seven churches in the ancient Roman providence of Asia (The Bible Project). Before writing the letters, John of Patmos, or another John, is persecuted for preaching the Gospel; as punishment, he is exiled on an island called Patmos where he meets Jesus in a vision, seeing the risen Savior in His full glory. This becomes the start of Revelation where Jesus would tell John about the present events likely to happen with the futureRead MoreMatthew, Mark, And Luke2245 Words   |  9 Pagesand expanded upon it saying, â€Å"where he had been brought up† (Luke 4:16). Luke in his account went into a more detailed version of his story, therefore he would not be satisfied with just â€Å"hometown† (Matthew 13:54, Mark 6:1). Luke throughout his gospel added more detail than Matthew and Mark in order to clearly articulate the story. He had to name the town and describe that was where Jesus â€Å"had been brought up† (Luke 4:16). Luke needed to describe all the action that occurred in order to have

Consumer Behavior essay Free Essays

Place Backlog uses the color red as Its color. Red Is one of the top 2 favorite colors of all people. Red is also a color for good luck. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The psychological response of the consumer towards the color red Is that It gives them energy, desire, power, attention, motivation, etc. The physiological response that consumer get from red Is that It stimulates and energies the physical body, Including the nerves and the circulation of blood, raising blood pressure and heart rate. Robinsons Place Backlog has a bright Interior. The walls are white, the floor tiles are mostly white and he others are brown, green, and yellow, and the lights are bright. White walls are very common for every shopping mall. The mall uses the color white because the color white is a neutral color, and it goes with anything. The color white gives the consumers a calm, fresh, pure, comfort, and independent feeling. The use of white color also makes the mall look wide. The fountain and the elevator of the mall also give the mall a good impression to people. The ground floor of the mall has mostly food chains and restaurants, and some are boutiques and book stores. The supermarket and the department store are also located at the ground floor. The main purpose of the ground floor is for food purchase. The group has noticed that most fast food chain and restaurants like Jollied, KEF, Pizza Hut, Shakers, and Greenwich possess the color red. The color red gives the people desire, appetite, and cravings. Maybe this is the reason why many people are attracted to these food chains and restaurants. The second floor mostly contains boutiques, sports wear, clothing lines, shoes, and anything related to fashion. Also, Handyman, Toys R Us, Sun, and Smart are also located there. The main purpose of the second floor is for shopping purposes. The group noticed that the stores/ boutiques are brighter compared to the corridor of the second floor. The brightness of the store could attract consumers. The third floor is for entertainment. The third floor is for fun, leisure, and gatherings. Moviegoers, Quantum, WOOF, and the food court could be located there. The group noticed that the third floor Is quite dim compared to the second floor maybe because it could let the consumer feel relaxed and calm. The colors that would be popular for the succeeding years would be pastel colors cause according to research, they are the trending colors for this decade. The good thing about these colors Is that It Is pleasing to the eyes. It’s not to dark and It’s not too bright. This color could be applied to mall displays, Interior designs, stalls, products especially clothes, and the mall’s advertisements. This could Increase consumers’ physiological and psychological responses. BY Enchain Robinsons Place Backlog uses the color red as its color. Red is one of the top 2 response of the consumer towards the color red is that it gives them energy, desire, deed is that it stimulates and energies the physical body, including the nerves and Backlog has a bright interior. The walls are white, the floor tiles are mostly white and Jollied, KEF, Pizza Hut, Shakes, and Greenwich possess the color red. The color red The group noticed that the third floor is quite dim compared to the second floor thing about these colors is that it is pleasing to the eyes. It’s not to dark and it’s not too bright. This color could be applied to mall displays, interior designs, stalls, products especially clothes, and the mall’s advertisements. This could increase How to cite Consumer Behavior essay, Essays Consumer Behavior Essay Free Essays string(63) " Each of us obtains our excitement through different measures\." Melanie Ruiz Consumer Behavior Quiz #8 Thanksgiving Festivities It’s that time of year again when all of us college students leave our stress behind and head home for Thanksgiving break. It is one of those breaks we look forward to since the beginning of the semester, each for our own reasons. Many of us look forward to spending some quality time with our relatives while others look forward to finally enjoying a home-cooked meal. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Simply being granted the opportunity to spend one’s time however we see fit is a gift in itself for some of us. Some students engage in specific activities during the break while others enjoy not having any plans whatsoever. Each student engages in their own holiday traditions with their loved ones. After interviewing a few students at the University of Texas at Austin, it is evident that every family has their differences and similarities in the way they celebrate during the holidays. The biggest difference between the individuals I interviewed centered around the basis of needs and wants when it came to buying habits during the Thanksgiving break. As we learned in Chapter 5, needs are â€Å"desires that arise when a consumer’s current state does not match the consumer’s preferred state† (p. 103). For certain individuals, such as David and Israel, the excitement for Black Friday and Cyber Monday was not present. While both students were clearly aware of the ever popular shopping holidays, neither seemed to show any enthusiasm when the final question was asked regarding buying habits. In other words, both students lacked the driving force known as motivation to venture out into the busy, frenzied shopping malls and stores, no matter how great the potential savings could be (p. 02). According to David specifically, â€Å"the frantic consumerism just isn’t my cup of tea. I just don’t feel the need to buy anything. † This behavior correlates with the process of motivation discussed in book stating how â€Å"needs are the root of the motivational process† (p. 104). Instead, both indiv iduals cared more about satisfying their need for sleep over any Black Friday deal advertised. An even closer association to the interviewees’ responses and the textbook could be tied to the definition of a need in Chapter 9. According to the text, a need is a â€Å"fundamental physical or psychological state of felt eprivation† (p. 190). After reading over the previous questions asked during the interview, I could see that David and Israel both seemed most eager to catch up on the sleep they’ve fallen behind on while studying for school. It seems safe to say that both individuals would agree to feeling sleep deprived which would explain their reasoning for valuing sleep over shopping. My other two interviewees, Lindsey and Lilly, did not seem to share the same thoughts and feelings as the guys. According to Chapter 5, feelings and emotions â€Å"focus attention and influence consumer behavior† (p. 13). Both girls showed much enthusiasm during the intervi ew whenever the topic of shopping arose. Lindsey expressed her excitement as she described her family’s Black Friday routine saying: â€Å"We all make sure we are rested and fully prepared with our shopping lists before we leave the house. All day long on Thanksgiving, our family talks about who’s getting what and where they saw the best deal at. The items on our lists have all more than likely been wanted for a long time so to be able to get them for a really good discounted price is something that is considered a must for us. It’s a long but exciting process that my family and I do every year! † This â€Å"exciting process† Lindsey describes is what the textbook refers to as a â€Å"ritual† in Chapter 12 (p. 266). Her family’s symbolic actions that have been repeated over time have much to do with how she chooses to spend her time and money during the Thanksgiving break compared to that of David or Israel. With my other female interviewee, Lilly, the excitement of shopping stemmed from a more spontaneous standpoint. While Lindsey’s family participated in a preplanned ritual on Thanksgiving Day, Lilly’s family was quite the opposite. Rather than search for specific or desirable items beforehand, Lilly’s family engaged in much more impulsive behavior Thanksgiving night. She explains: â€Å"We don’t map out where we’re going. We just leave the house at midnight and go wherever we see the most action at. I never plan to get the things that I buy on Black Friday but for whatever reason, they catch my eye. There’s not much thought that goes into the things we buy but we still enjoy going every year nonetheless. † The type of behavior described above correlates well with the automatic information processing referred to in Chapter 7 in the textbook. The types of purchases made by Lilly and her family are clearly made through â€Å"mental processes that occur without awareness or intention† (p. 136). The lack of preparation and organization could be, if not is, the main cause of Lilly’s impulsive buying. According to the text, â€Å"impulse purchases are more likely when consumers don’t use a shopping list† (p. 136). Another association I found interesting during my interview with Lilly was the way her family interacted with each other while shopping. She described a very competitive atmosphere between her and her sister specifically when shopping stating, â€Å"It’s silly but we definitely turn into vultures on Black Friday. † It would appear Lilly and her sister would fit the description of high self-monitoring individuals given they both â€Å"routinely modify their behavior to meet the expectations of others† (p. 158). Lilly also mentioned a desire to purchase items that are known to have a highly valued or expensive brand image such as the Michael Kors watch she purchased or the Coach purse her sister bought in retaliation. This yearning or â€Å"drive to consume uncontrollably† to one-up each other as Lilly describes could be the root of the family’s compulsive buying (p. 163). During the Thanksgiving break, we all partake in our own family customs. Each of us obtains our excitement through different measures. You read "Consumer Behavior Essay" in category "Essay examples" For some, it involves countless preparation and day-long conversations on Black Friday specials. For others, it involves no groundwork whatsoever and instead lies within the rush one creates through a competitive family atmosphere. Still, some would prefer to forget the shopping option altogether and instead engage in more relaxing activities during the break. Each individual has their own reasons for partaking in certain festivities. Whether it be a family’s tradition to go out and shop or one’s personal preference to stay in and sleep, the only thing that seems to be fully understood about consumers is that every consumer is unique in their own way. Lilly Guzman What does Thanksgiving mean to you? Why? Answer: Food and family. It means â€Å"break† and just time to spend with your amily. What will you do on Thanksgiving Day? Why? Answer: I will spend time with my family because that’s what you’re supposed to do. What will you do on Thanksgiving weekend? Why? Answer: Black Friday shopping! Because it’s tradition with my family! Somehow its turned into a competition with my family members on who can come back with the best deals. Me and my sister for example like to com pete on who can get the better name brand items. I once bought a Michael Kors watch and so, to one-up me, she went and bought an expensive Coach purse. It’s silly but we definitely turn into vultures on Black Friday. Does Thanksgiving weekend have any special significance to you? What? Answer: Thanksgiving weekend is a time when we bring our large Mexican family together and we cook in the kitchen all day. Is there anything that you or your friends and family do on Thanksgiving around buying? Please elaborate. Answer: Every year at midnight we pack up the team and go shopping for whatever Black Friday deals spark our interest. We don’t map out where we’re going. We just leave the house at midnight and go wherever we see the most action at. I never plan to get the things that I buy on Black Friday but for whatever reason, they catch my eye. There’s not much thought that goes into the things we buy but we still enjoy going every year nonetheless. Lindsey Quiroga What does Thanksgiving mean to you? Why? Answer: Thanksgiving means family time. I love being able to just spend time with my family members and watch football over good, home-cooked meals. What will you do on Thanksgiving Day? Why? Answer: We eat of course and watch football but most of the day is spent getting ready for Black Friday. We all make sure we are rested and fully prepared with our shopping lists before we leave the house. All day long on Thankgiving, our family talks about who’s getting what and where they saw the best deal at. The items on our lists have all more than likely been wanted for a long time so to be able to get them for a really good discounted price is something that is considered a must for us. It’s a long but exciting process that me and my family do every year! What will you do on Thanksgiving weekend? Why? Answer: I plan on sleeping A LOT! School has been pretty exhausting so I need to catch up on that. Does Thanksgiving weekend have any special significance to you? What? Answer: Thanksgiving weekend is just significant because I get to see my family members that I haven’t seen in a long time. Aside from Christmas, it is one of the few times where my entire family is under the same roof. Is there anything that you or your friends and family do on Thanksgiving around buying? Please elaborate. Answer: I hate shopping but my mother and sisters are always those crazy girls waiting at midnight for the stores to open. What they go for depends on what deals they see on TV or in the papers. They definitely always come home with some surprise deals that we never even thought they needed. Israel Hernandez What does Thanksgiving mean to you? Why? Answer: Thanksgiving means family, sleep, and togetherness. It means being able to take a break from the stress of school. It’ll be nice to be able to catch up on all the sleep I’ve been missing out on thanks to school. What will you do on Thanksgiving Day? Why? Answer: I probably will travel to El Paso because even if it’s a nine hour drive, it is worth it to me. What will you do on Thanksgiving weekend? Why? Answer: I like the idea of being able to go home and not have to worry about school and just be with my family. When I’m not sleeping, I’ll probably see some friends that I haven’t been able to see in awhile and hang out with them. Does Thanksgiving weekend have any special significance to you? What? Answer: Of course it does. It holds great significance because, as I said earlier, it’s a time for family and togetherness. I mean, I feel I don’t get to see my family as often as I’d like to so Thanksgiving break is a really special time that allows me to do so. Is there anything that you or your friends and family do on Thanksgiving around buying? Please elaborate. Answer: Not necessarily. I don’t think we use thanksgiving as a time to go shopping. I understand some people know about Black Friday and stuff but my family really doesn’t do that. I’d rather stay at home and nap then go out there with all the crazy people jumping over each other for a video game or a pair of pants. David Nam What does Thanksgiving mean to you? Why? Answer: I guess it means frantic consumerism and uncomfortable family dinners. Its uncomfortable because you have so many kids running around and you just want to eat and then go upstairs and go to sleep. What will you do on Thanksgiving Day? Why? Answer: Sleep until I have to go eat dinner with my family because I’m tired and I need a break from school. What will you do on Thanksgiving weekend? Why? Answer: I will probably try to catch up with my friends at night and then during the day I will babysit my little cousins. I guess I do this because I miss my friends and I have to watch my little cousins since no one else wants to. Does Thanksgiving weekend have any special significance to you? What? Answer: It’s significant because you get to see all your family members. Since I’m going to school I don’t get to see all of them all of the time so its nice to have that time and know that you can keep in touch during that weekend. Is there anything that you or your friends and family do on Thanksgiving around buying? Please elaborate. Answer: No, not me. I’ve done Black Friday shopping and Cyber Monday before but it’s not a ritual with my family or friends. Its like I said, the frantic consumerism just isn’t my cup of tea. I just don’t feel the need to buy anything. How to cite Consumer Behavior Essay, Essay examples

Prosperos power Essay Example For Students

Prosperos power Essay In the final scene of the Tempest, all the characters have assembled onto the stage together for the first time for the climax to the end of the play. Prospero states his intention of relinquishing his magic nevertheless its presence pervades the scene. Prospero enters in his magical robes, He lures Alonso and the other main characters into his self created charmed circle and holds them there; almost paralysed whilst he recaps. Once he releases them from the magical spell he created, he makes the magic-like spectacle of unveiling Miranda and Ferdinand who are playing chess. This is the first time that Alonso has seen Ferdinand since the tempest Prospero created at the start of the play. Only in the epilogue, when he is alone on-stage, does Prospero announce definitively that his charms are all oerthrown Prospero passes great judgment on his enemies in the final scene, however we are no longer put off by his power, both because his love for Miranda has radically changed his and humanised him to a vast degree. He welcomes and praises the men stood before him honourable man. Alonso is shocked by this comment and is perplexed as to why he was greeted this way, as he is well aware that his actions towards Prospero before were most cruelly. Caliban, Stefano and Trinculo are led in sheepishly in their stolen apparel at line 258 are all in anticipation as to finding out exactly what punishment they are to endure. Accusing his enemies neither more nor less than they deserve, and forgiving them instantly once he has been restored to his dukedom, Prospero has at last come to seem judicious rather than arbitrary in his use of power. Of course, it helps that Prosperos most egregious sins have been mitigated by the outcome of events. He will no longer hold Ariel and Caliban as slaves because he is giving up his magic and returning to Naples. Moreover, he will no longer dominate Miranda because she is marrying Ferdinand. In this scene Prospero helps to portray the characters clearly and accurately. Miranda is overwhelmed by everything that has taken place and exclaims, How many goodly creatures are there here! / How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world / that has such people int! This is all a new experience for Miranda for she had never fell sight on any other person in her lifetime than her father. She is depicted to be innocent and in her innocent perspective, such a remark seems genuine and even true. But from the audiences perspective, it must seem somewhat ridiculous. After all, Antonio and Sebastian are still surly and impudent; Alonso has repented only after believing his son to be dead; and Trinculo and Stefano are drunken, petty thieves. However, Miranda speaks from the perspective of someone who has not seen any human being except her father since she was three years old. She is merely delighted by the spectacle of all these people. In a sense, her innocence may be shared to some extent by the playwright, who takes delight in creating and presenting a vast array of humanity, from kings to traitors, from innocent virgins to inebriated would-be murderers. As a result, though Mirandas words are to some extent undercut by irony, it is not too much of a stretch to think that Shakespeare really does mean this benediction on a world that has such people int! After all, Prospero is another stand-in for the playwright, and he forgives all the wrongdoers at the end of the play. There is an element in the conclusion of The Tempest that celebrates the multiplicity and variety of human life, which, while it may result in complication and ambiguity, also creates humour, surprise, and love. .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 , .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .postImageUrl , .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 , .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4:hover , .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4:visited , .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4:active { border:0!important; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4:active , .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4 .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3803173bffbd89d7654fe7c0f0232ac4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Firda Kahlo Art Critical Analysing EssayIf The Tempest is read, as it often is, as a celebration of creativity and art, the aging Shakespeares swan song to the theatre, then this closing benediction may have a much broader application than just to this play, referring to the breadth of humanity that inspired the breadth of Shakespeares characters. Similarly, Prosperos final request for applause in the monologue functions as a request for forgiveness, not merely for the wrongs he has committed in this play. It also requests forgiveness for the beneficent tyranny of creativity itself, in which an author, like a Prospero, moves people at his will, controls the minds of others, creates situations to suit his aims, and arranges outcomes entirely in the service of his own idea of goodness or justice or beauty. In this way, the ambiguity surrounding Prosperos power in The Tempest may be inherent to art itself. Like Prospero, authors work according to their own conceptions of a desirable or justifiable outcome. But as in The Tempest, a happy ending can restore harmony, and a well-developed play can create an authentic justice, even if it originates entirely in the mind of the author. The plot of The Tempest is organised around the idea of persuasion, as Prospero gradually moves his sense of justice from his own mind into the outside world, gradually applying it to everyone around him until the audience believes it, too. This aggressive persuasiveness makes Prospero difficult to admire at times. Still, in another sense, persuasion characterises the entire play, which seeks to enthral audiences with its words and magic as surely as Prospero sought to enthral Ariel. And because the audience decides whether it believes in the play-whether to applaud, as Prospero asks them to do-the real power lies not with the playwright, but with the viewer, not with the imagination that creates the story, but with the imagination that receives it. In this way, Shakespeare transforms the troubling ambiguity of the play into a surprising cause for celebration. The power wielded by Prospero, which seemed unsettling at first, is actually the source of all our pleasure in the drama. In fact, it is the reason we came to the theatre in the first place.

Investigation of UK Supermarkets

Introduction A supermarket is a large self service retail outlet that deals with the sale of groceries. However, this definition is just a general overview. This is for the reason that modern supermarkets include a huge ultramodern building that provides packaging services to their shoppers. Currently, supermarkets are not only restricted to selling groceries. Many large supermarkets also sell other products, such as, electronics, clothing, and furniture. A more advanced version of supermarkets is the hypermarkets.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Investigation of UK Supermarkets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are so many supermarkets in the United Kingdom today. Their emergence and rapid growth was experienced during the period between the First World War and the Second World War. There are many factors that influenced their growth in the United Kingdom’s supermarkets. These factors include the fa vourable legislature and a preference of consumers that acted in favour of their growth. The legislatures have passed through a series of adjustments to respond to the consumer needs. One of the main aims of these regulations was to support the growth of larger self-service retail outlets while at the same time ensuring that the small retail counter-service stores retain their role in the newly structured retail market. However, these legislatures have not been quite effective in some of their policies for the reason that despite their enforcement, the growth of large self-service retail stores has continued to strangle the smaller retail outlets from the retail market. T hus, Britain’s high streets have continued to be dominated with large faceless retail stores making the small retail stores to diminish in the market. It is quiet correct to say that the UK supermarkets have continued to dominate the grocery market and are very powerful in the way that they run their busines ses, and the number of local convenience stores has also continued to decline. The Retail Landscape Of 1955 The modern debates about the retail outlets are mainly influenced by the past retail landscape. The recent research done by the ‘Clone Town Britain Survey’ has been able to reveal that during the 1950s, the retail spaces were filled with a prosperous complex of independent small retail outlets such as butchers, food chains, greengrocers, stationery shops, and news paper agents. Currently, these spaces have been taken up by large supermarket retailers that are rapidly killing the small shops (Maxwell Slater 2004). In the late twentieth century there has been a rigorous retail change in British cities. This change includes the transformation from British high streets that had independent shops together with those shops owned by multiple co-operative retail organizations into the contemporary British high streets that have ultra modern superstores. It was during the late twentieth century that the counter-service groceries began to seriously compete with the modern self service retail outlets currently known as supermarkets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the available records, supermarkets were heralded by multiple chains owned by co-operative retail organizations. The economic implications of the co-operative retailing modelling were that it led to the growth of the business thereby causing its expansion in the retail landscape. In the period between the first and the second world wars, the companies that had multiple grocery shops experienced a booming business due to the increased purchasing power of the employed citizens. The increased presence of cheap food also contributed to the booming business experienced by the multiple chains during this period. One thing worth noting is that the small shops owned by independ ent retailers in the mid twentieth century were not necessarily synonymous with the size as described. This is because some of the retailers had large shops that would, sometimes, be the most significant store in a particular locality. The idea of the supermarkets experienced its rapid assimilation in the United States of America during the early twentieth century. However, when it was introduced in Britain, it came less rapidly with the first supermarket being operated by the co-operative movement as a self service food experiment. This was during the period when the Second World War was just ending (that was during the mid 1940s). Very few grocers emulated the trend thereby contributing to the slow process of the growth of self service outlets. It is therefore estimated that in the year 1947, there were a mere 10 supermarkets in the whole of the United Kingdom. There are many reasons why the growth of self service stores was slow in Britain. Notable among them was the amount of re sources needed to convert counter-service outlets into self-service retail outlets. A lot of building materials and human resource in the construction industry was required. It should be noted that both of these requirements were short in supply. For that reason, very few companies were able to afford to convert their stores. The second reason was because the shops were limited by their sizes. Some of the shops were so small thereby could not be converted into larger supermarkets. The only option the retail owners were left with was to begin building from the scratch. Otherwise, their conversion would only result into small scale self-service stores, not big enough to be called supermarkets. There were some large-scale multiple stores that had embraced this change but due to doubts, they did not expect successful results. Many studies had been done and the most notable conclusion of the analysis was that since the majority of Britons had been accustomed to small scale counter-servic e, it would not be feasible to imagine them wondering along the aisles of the self service stores in search for goods.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Investigation of UK Supermarkets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was until the mid twentieth century that the self-service stores gained momentum in growth. The main effects of this rapid growth were positively imparting. Many supermarkets developed as a result of these factors coupled with the government’s promotion of self-service retail stores. In addition, some elements of the retail grocery counter-service stores were also keen in developing self-service stores. As a result, Britain managed to open a total of fifty supermarkets by the year 1950. The trends continued and by the year 1961 the number of supermarkets had risen to 572. Reports indicate that in the year 1969, there were already 3,400 supermarkets in the whole of Britain. Legal Framework and Economic Structures That Have Enabled the Domination of Supermarkets in the United Kingdom The legal framework in the United Kingdom is one that allows free market capitalism. Thus, the U.K. supermarkets are free to follow the principles of supply and demand. This means that they do provide the goods that the customers want while at the same time free to set the prices of the same goods. This liberty is provided for by the UK’s legal framework and hence it is legitimate for them to lay down prices as per their requirements. Hence, they also have bargaining power whereby they can pay their suppliers according to what they want. The level playing field brought about by the legal framework of the United Kingdom also ensures that there is healthy competition. However, the discrepancies caused by this legal framework have not been supportive enough to the small businesses. Small retailers have therefore been squeezed by the larger self-service businesses thereby causing them to have less for them to buy since they have weaker purchasing power. This mechanism works in such a way that the supermarkets enter into a contract with major suppliers in which their agreements bind the suppliers not to supply anyone else with the goods. The effect of this legal framework also affects the small shops in such a way that the preference of most consumers in buying many goods under one roof reduces the viability of the small shops. The Role of Large Growing Supermarkets to Consumers Policy makers have been involved in enacting legislation that aim at tightening regulations of supermarket retailing. This has been capacitated through competition legislation coupled with town planning. The rapid growth of large supermarkets has been viewed in a different perception by the communities. There has been a lot of debate on the effects of the rapid growth of large supermarkets. Many people have perceived this growth as a factor that has led to the decay of major business stree ts in the cities. Many investigations have been launched to look into the issue of building large out-of-town supermarkets and their contribution to the decay of high streets. A good example of such investigations is the 2005 study done by the ‘Clone Town Britain Survey’ (Hamlett et al Not Dated).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report of this study criticized contemporary British retail industry on many issues. The bone of contention is that the modern UK retail outlets have dominated Britain’s high streets in many towns. The effect of the domination is that the faceless chains have led to the reduction in the amount of choices available to consumers. The effects of reduction in small retail shops and the increase in large supermarkets were also analyzed by ‘The High Street Britain 2015† report. The report that was done by the House of Commons Select Committee argued that the extinction of the small shops by the growth of large supermarket chains will adversely affect consumer choice. This will happen if the government doesn’t take necessary measures to avert the process. The act of enacting necessary legislature to regulate and bring a state of equilibrium between growing supermarket chains and diminishing small retail outlets is therefore left in the hands of policy makers. This situation holds because the retail business in Britain has passed through tremendous changes from counter service-shops to large retail outlets that allow for self service. It is worth noting that consumers in Britain have been rapidly embracing self service methods of shopping over the past 20 years. The issue of consumer choice also form the central pivot on which the contemporary debates hinge. Consumer choice is perceived as a moving force to a healthy competition and also it indicates the basic civil rights. It is thus perceived that the diminishing of the small retail outlets will have a catastrophic impact on the aspect of consumer choice in the future. A careful analysis indicates that the party that will be affected negatively is the consumer. To exemplify this, there will be limited brands to chose from, limited choice of available items, limited choice of places to shop, increased prices of available products and a reduction in the quality and availability of custome r care services. According to ‘The High Street Britain 2015’ survey, the consumers are unlikely to benefit from a competitive market in the future. This is because the current competition is not stable and therefore may not be sustained in the long run. Similar researches have also highlighted the importance of consumption in relation to social aspects (Hamlett et al Not Dated). It is thus imperative for policy makers to consider exploring the benefit of the history of self-service retail stores to post war Britain. Benefits of Modern Technological Input in Supermarkets to Consumers Modern technologies have been employed in supermarkets to improve efficiency and quality of services. One of the most notable is a loyalty card. This is a card made of plastic or paper issued by particular organizations, be it business or social organizations or otherwise, to identify the holder as having a legitimacy of membership to a loyalty program. It is usually similar to a debit card or a credit card although this is only on the physical visualization. Its name varies from country to country. Loyalty cards are employed by consumers as a show of their identification (as loyal clients) in a given supermarket; this will assure the shopper of a discount on the existing purchase or an incentive of points that can be used to pay for goods in the future after accumulating to specified levels. The other benefit of loyalty cards is that it assures the customers that they will get great services of high quality. This is because the business organization knows that the loyal customers holding the loyalty cards will give them good business. Customers receive discounts from the products they purchase and can also purchase the goods by redeeming the points (Dahlen, Lange Smith 2010). Protection of Consumers by the Law The competitive free market allows for the consumer to respond to a disappointing purchase by switching to another supplier. In such an environment, the law do es not have a role to play. Currently, most contracts protect the consumer expectation arising through bargaining process (Howells and Weatherill 2005). The law gives a provision that acts to ensure that consumer preference is securely enforced. In the United Kingdom, the law that seeks to protect consumers usually operates beyond the realm of obligations agreed between the producer and consumer. The individual consumer’s legal rights offer a more first hand protection of their demands than the more indirect and greatly oblique sanction of commercial failure caused by withdrawal of custom. Failure to conform to the contract between the consumer and the retailer will result in legal liability. This protects the consumer and sharpens the message to the producer about the need to use resources in an efficient manner. In addition, there is also the private law that gives the consumer autonomy to act in the belief that they hold rights protected by law that can be asserted without the need to rely on an intermediary. The current market practice relies on the assumption that private economic relations involve the possibility of receiving some kind of support from the government. The support is believed to come in form of provision for enforcement of private law rights. It should be noted that the consumer/supplier relationship under the current private law assimilates more than a simple agreement. Both the courts and the parliament have extended the legal implications of the consumer/supplier relationships, and over the last twenty years this trend has been promoted and underpinned by legislative activity in the country (Howells and Weatherill 2005). Ways of Improving Competition between Supermarkets There are a number of ways that can be used to improve competition in the supermarket grocery stores. Many methods relate to the mechanics of inflow and outflow of products sold in these grocery stores. Among the methods includes the maintenance of optimal produc t availability. Recent studies have indicated that 8.2 percent of a grocery retailer’s items are out of stock on a typical afternoon. Frequent stock outs and restricted variety of products are among the major factors that cause consumer dissatisfaction among supermarket shoppers (Matsa 2009). Therefore, supermarkets should enhance product availability so that healthy competition is ensured. This will also enhance the consumer’s future shopping behaviour. The structure of retail competition is correlated with the quality of supermarkets. Stores that face healthy competition usually have higher rates of stock outs than other stores. It is worth noting that an increase in prices of commodity increases the quality and availability of products on supermarket shelves. This is because the increased prices act as an incentive to improve on the quality and quantity as well. Other methods of competition include developing new products, improving existing products, changing their prices, developing new packaging and design, improving customer service and building up a new reputation (Seliet 2000). Supermarkets ought to be responsive to personal needs, customer attitudes, tastes and preferences, economic conditions, the climate, supplier attitudes, the prevailing legislature, fashion and technology. These factors will aid in the development of new products thus bringing into the market an unrestricted variety of products. Thus, a healthy competition will be enhanced. Customer services should also be improved such that retail outlets ensure that the customer is satisfied with their products. Changing the prices of commodities can make a retail outlet win a massive share of the market by attracting more customers which results in making of more profits thereby competing with rival businesses (Seliet 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, supermarkets in the United Kingdom rapidly developed during the period between the two wars. This is because the idea of large sel f-service retail stores developed less rapidly in the United Kingdom than in the United States. It was only until the 1950s that the smaller counter service stores found themselves competing with the larger self service stores. The government of Britain recognized the importance of supermarkets in economic development and thus, began to enact legislature in support of their growth. Although these laws have been moderated in favour of the consumers, the self-service retail outlets and the small scale retail services, the small scale retail outlets have continued to diminish from the British markets especially along Britain’s high streets. Reference List Dahlen, M., Lange, F., Smith, T., 2010. Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach. West Sussex, John Wiley Sons Ltd. Hamlett, J. et al., Not Dated. Regulating UK Supermarkets: An Oral-History Perspective. [Online] Available at:  http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/regulating-uk-supermarkets-an-or al-history-perspective . Howells, G., Weatherill, S., 2005. Consumer Protection Law. Ed. 2. Burlington, USA, Ashgate Publishing Company. Matsa, D., 2009. Competition and Product Quality in the Supermarket Industry. Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management. Maxwell, S., Slater, R., 2004. Food Policy: Old and New. Oxford United Kingdom, Blackwell Publishing. Seliet, H., 2000. Foundation Business. Oxford, Heinemann Education Publishers. This report on Investigation of UK Supermarkets was written and submitted by user Maxton Alexander to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Views of Swami Vivekananda in the Field of Education. Essays

Views of Swami Vivekananda in the Field of Education. Essays Views of Swami Vivekananda in the Field of Education. Essay Views of Swami Vivekananda in the Field of Education. Essay Swami Vivekananda realizes that mankind is passing through a crisis. The tremendous emphasis on the scientific and mechanical ways of life is fast reducing man to the status of a machine. Moral and religious values are being undermined. The fundamental principles of civilization are being ignored. Conflicts of ideals, manners and habits are pervading the atmosphere. Disregard for everything old is the fashion of the day. Vivekananda seeks the solutions of all these social and global evils through education. With this end in view, he feels the dire need of awakening man to his spiritual self wherein, he thinks, lies the very purpose of education. Swami Vivekananda (1863 – 1902), a great thinker and reformer of India, embraces education, which for him signifies ‘man-making’, as the very mission of his life. In this writing, which purports to expound and analyze Vivekananda’s views on education, an endeavor has been made to focus on the basic theme of his philosophy, viz. the spiritual unity of the universe. Whether it concerns the goal or aim of education, or its method of approach or its component parts, all his thoughts, we shall observe, stem from this dormant theme of his philosophy which has its moorings in Vedanta. A sculptor has a clear idea about what he wants to shape out of the marble block; similarly, a painter knows what he is going to paint. Vivekananda points out that the defect of the present-day education is that it has no definite goal to pursue. A teacher, he says, has no clear idea about the goal of his teaching. Swamiji attempts to establish, through his words and deeds, that the end of all education is man making. He prepares the scheme of this man-making education in the light of his over-all philosophy of Vedanta. According to Vedanta, the essence of man lies in his soul, which he possesses in addition to his body and mind. In true with this philosophy, Swamiji defines education as ‘the manifestation of the perfection already in man. ’ The aim of education is to manifest in our lives the perfection, which is the very nature of our inner self. This perfection is the realization of the infinite power which resides in everything and every-where-existence, consciousness and bliss (satchidananda). After understanding the essential nature of this perfection, we should identify it with our inner self. For achieving this, one will have to eliminate one’s ego, ignorance and all other false identification, which stand in the way. Meditation, fortified by moral purity and passion for truth, helps man to leave behind the body, the senses, the ego and all other non-self elements, which are perishable. He thus realizes his immortal divine self, which is of the nature of infinite existence, infinite knowledge and infinite bliss. At this stage, man becomes aware of his self as identical with all other selves of the universe, i. e. different selves as manifestations of the same self. We have to remember that basis of Swamiji’s philosophy is Adwaita which preaches unity in diversity. Therefore, man making for him means a harmonious development of the body, mind and soul. Hence education, in Vivekananda’s sense, enables one to comprehend one’s self within as the self everywhere. The essential unity of the entire universe is realized through education. Accordingly, man making for Swamiji stands for rousing mans to the awareness of his true self. However, education thus signified does not point towards the development of the soul in isolation from body and mind. He often quotes the Upanishad dictum ‘nayamatma balahinena labhyah’; i. e. the self cannot be realized by the physically weak. In his scheme of education, Swamiji lays great stress on physical health because a sound mind resides in a sound body. According to Swamiji, the mind of the students has to be controlled and trained through meditation, concentration and practice of ethical purity. All success in any line of work, he emphasizes, is the result of the power of concentration. However, along with physical culture, he harps on the need of paying special attention to the culture of the mind. By way of illustration, he mentions that the chemist in the laboratory concentrates all the powers of his mind and brings them into one focus-the elements to be analyzed-and finds out their secrets. Concentration, which necessarily implies detachment from other things, constitutes a part of Brahmacharya, which is one of the guiding mottos of his scheme of education. Brahmacharya, in a nutshell, stands for the practice of self-control for securing harmony of the impulses. To quote him: ‘Education is not the amount of information that is put into your brain and runs riot there undigested, all your life. ’ By his philosophy of education, Swamiji thus brings it home that education is not a mere accumulation of information but a comprehensive training for life. Education for him means that process by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, and intellect is sharpened, as a result of which one can stand on one’s own feet. Having analyzed the goal or objective of education, the next question that naturally arises is about the method of imparting education. According to him, knowledge is inherent in every man’s soul. Here again, we note the Vedantic foundation of Swamiji’s theory. To drive his point home, he refers to the growth of a plant. Just as in the case of a plant, one cannot do anything more than supplying it with water, air and manure while it grows from within its own nature, so is the case with a human child. What we mean when we say that a man ‘knows’ is only what he ‘discovers’ by taking the cover off his own soul. Consequently, he draws our attention to the fact that the task of the teacher is only to help the child to manifest its knowledge by removing the obstacles in its way. In his words: ‘Thus Vedanta says that within man is all knowledge even in a boy it is so and it requires only an awakening and that much is the work of a teacher. ’ Vivekananda’s method of education resembles the heuristic method of the modern educationists. In this system, the teacher invokes the spirit of inquiry in the pupil who is supposed to find out things for himself under the bias-free guidance of the teacher. Swamiji lays a lot of emphasis on the environment at home and school for the proper growth of the child. The parents as well as the teachers should inspire the child by the way they live their lives. Swamiji recommends the old institution of gurukula (living with the preceptor) and similar systems for the purpose. In such systems, the students can have the ideal character of the teacher constantly before them, which serves as the role model to follow. Although Swamiji is of the opinion that mother tongue is the right medium for social or mass education, he prescribes the learning of English and Sanskrit also. While English is necessary for mastering Western science and technology, Sanskrit leads one into the depths of our vast store of classics. The implication is that if language does not remain the privilege of a small class of people, social unity will march forward unhampered. According to Swamiji, the culture values of the country should form an integral part of the curriculum of education. Vivekananda, in his scheme of education, meticulously includes all those studies, which are necessary for the all-around development of the body, mind and soul of the individual. These studies can be brought under the broad heads of physical culture, aesthetics, classics, language, religion, science and technology. The culture of India has its roots in her spiritual values. The time-tested values are to be imbibed in the thoughts and lives of the students through the study of the classics like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Gita, Vedas and Upanishads. This will keep the perennial flow of our spiritual values into the world culture. Education, according to Swamiji, remains incomplete without the teaching of aesthetics or fine arts. He cites Japan as an example of how the combination of art and utility can make a nation great. He reminds us time and again that religion does not consist in dogmas or creeds or any set of rituals. However, by religion, he does not mean any particular kind of it but its essential character, which is the realization of the divinity already in man. Swamiji reiterates that religion is the innermost core of education. All impulses, thoughts and actions which lead one towards this goal are naturally ennobling and harmonizing, and are ethical and moral in the truest sense. It is in this context that Swamiji’s idea of religion, as the basis of education should be understood. We note that in his interpretation, religion and education share the identity of purpose. Swamiji believes that if education with its religious core can invigorate man’s faith in his divine nature and the infinite potentialities of the human soul, it is sure to help man become strong, yet tolerant and sympathetic. It will also help man to extend his love and good will beyond the communal, national and racial barriers. Vivekananda, in his plan for the regeneration of India, repeatedly presses the need for the eradication of poverty, unemployment and ignorance. Hence in Swamiji’s view, for the development of a balanced nation, we have to combine the dynamism and scientific attitude of the West with the spirituality of our country. The entire educational program should be so planned that it equips the youth to contribute to the material progress of the country as well as to maintaining the supreme worth of India’s spiritual heritage. He observes that although men and women are equally competent in academic matters, yet women have a special aptitude and competence for studies relating to home and family. Hence he recommends the introduction of subjects like sewing, nursing, domestic science, culinary art, etc which were not parts of education at his time. Another important aspect of Swamiji’s scheme of education is women’s education. He realizes that it if the women of our country get the right type of education, then they will be able to solve their own problems in their own way. The main objective of his scheme of female education is to make them strong, fear-less, and conscious of their chastity and dignity. To refer to his own words: â€Å"Traveling through many cities of Europe and observing in them the comforts and education of even the poor people, there was brought to my mind the state of our own poor people and I used to shed tears. When made the difference? â€Å"Education† was the answer I got. † The exposition and analysis of Vivekananda’s scheme of education brings to light its constructive, practical and comprehensive character. He realizes that it is only through education that the uplift of masses is possible. He strives to harmonize the traditional values of India with the new values brought through the progress of science and technology. He states it emphatically that if society is to be reformed, education has to reach everyone-high and low, because individuals are the very constituents of society. The sense of dignity rises in man when he becomes conscious of his inner spirit, and that is the very purpose of education. It is in the transformation of man through moral and spiritual education that he finds the solution for all social evils. Founding education on the firm ground of our own philosophy and culture, he shows the best of remedies for today’s social and global illness. Through his scheme of education, he tries to materialize the moral and spiritual welfare and upliftment of humanity, irrespective of caste, creed, nationality or time. However, Swami Vivekananda’s scheme of education, through which he wanted to build up a strong nation that will lead the world towards peace and harmony, is still a far cry. It is high time that we give serious thought to his philosophy of education and remembers his call to every-body-‘Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached. ’ PRASUN KANJILAL.

Gustave Gefroys portrait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gustave Gefroys portrait - Essay Example His repressed activity is transferred to the complicated articulation of his books, the instruments of his profession. Indeed the arrangement of the books behind him, projecting and receding, tilted differently from shelf to shelf and ending in the open volumes below, seems more human than the man, reminding us of a long twisted body in classic counterpoise, like Michelangelo's Slave in the Louvre, a work that Czanne admired and drew. The paintings give an impression that the figure in the image is coming out of the image, as though the sunrays are falling on the hats or window, as though there is so much delight in the life of the one portrayed, as though some thing special is hidden in them. The freshness and the openness make us feel divine for a moment and we feel are we in the heaven where there is nothing but joy. One must have an artistic heart to understand the art. The paintings give a fleeting look of spontaneity and freshness in the developing the art. The image relies upon the art of impressionism when observed directly the work confines the ephemeral effects of light and color. The techniques developed by Renoir in the oil painting are highly skilled could only be noticed when the paint surface is closely examined and noticed. He imitated other artists like Renoir, with small parallel strokes of brush. It is also observed that he was fairly capable enough of painting landscapes but failed experimenting with them. His paintings were not only great but also pretty and whose work seems always to have been done in paradisiacal temperatures Reference Joseph Rishel. (n.d.). Masterpieces of Impressionism and Post- Impressionism: The Annenberg Collection. Retrieved 9 April 2007, from,

Principles of Finance 1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principles of Finance 1 - Term Paper Example The risk and return of the proposed investment project requires a study of the project’s cash flows. To analyze the profitability of the investment project, one method that may be done is to make use of the net present value (NPV) method. NPV is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. A positive NPV means that the project is acceptable while a negative NPV means that the project is not profitable. Once a decision has been reached to undergo the project, the next step is to determine the sources of financing and establish the appropriate financing mix. Here lies the decision on whether to use debt or equity to maximize the value of the investment. Also, the source of financing should match the nature of the asset being financed. If a decision is made to finance the project through debt, it must also be determined whether it will be a long-term debt or a short-term debt. Long-term debt can be a term loan with a bank or a b ond issuance. A bond is like a loan because it is also a debt instrument. It is issued for a period of more than a year with the purpose of raising capital for borrowing. Its difference from a term loan is that it is generally offered to the public rather than to a single lender or a small group of lenders.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION - Essay Example addition, it encompasses federal, state and local governments with the role of organizing programs, initiatives, policies and day to day running of the agencies effectively for viability of the environment. Woodrow Wilson laid a strong foundation in the study of public administration by providing insight into the history, challenges and adoption of public administration. His legendary work in the field of public administration influenced and triggered other authors such as Frank Goodnow and Leonard White to expand on his ideas. Together the three authors explicitly. The past and current trends show that public administration, politics, and law are highly interlinked, and this can impact negatively or positively on the functions of public administration depending on the level of involvement. This is shown by the analysis of three authors’ works opinions on public administration, which brings out the interrelationship. This essay also analyses the case study: Hurricane Katrina: A man made crisis? in relation to the authors opinions and effective execution of public administration policies. The term administration can be defined in a way that the administration is all about managing the things and work in any office, business or in any company. According to Woodrow Wilson, Administration is the study of the process of executing the public affairs. It means that how the government executes, operates and exercises its duties and tasks. Thus, administration plays an obvious role in the government (Wilson, 1887, p. 198). Thanks to Wilson, students of government found an avenue to the insight of public administration as one f the working parts of the government machine. In the early time, administration was not much needed because at that time, the functions, the jobs, and the roles of the government were much simple. In other words, the situation was stable, and there was flexibility about the public finance and the government finance statistics. This implies that

Identity Formation and the Development of National Interest

Identity Formation and the Development of National Interest Constructivism Ideas, Identity and Foreign Policy In the analysis of international politics, the process of identity formation and how national interests are conceived should represent central issues, as they are inextricably linked to a states foreign policy. The importance of identities results from the fact that they perform two vital functions: expressing to the self and others who the self is, as well as expressing to the self who others are. Due to the first function, having a certain identity determines an associated set of preferences regarding the choices of action in various circumstances and when different actors are involved. That is why a states identity generates its interests and subsequent behaviour towards fellow members and situations related to the international system. The second function implies that a state perceives others according to the identities it attributes to them, while simultaneously reproducing its own identity through social interaction and practice (Tajfel, 1981:255). These notions have been conce ptualised and emphasised in IR theory by constructivist scholars, who argue that global politics originates not only in the international system but also in an international society. Constructivists stress the constitutive effects of ideas and norms that set the parameters within which identities and interests are formulated (Brown and Ainley, 2003:49). When studying inter-state relations, it has become essential to analyse how ideas are created, how they evolve and influence states perceptions and response to their situation. In order to achieve such an objective, constructivism plays a key role by promoting the tenet that the manner in which the material world shapes and is shaped by human action and interaction depends on dynamic normative and epistemic interpretations of the material world (Adler, 1997:322). From this perspective, constructivist frameworks show that even the most enduring institutions are based on collective understandings. Their important contribution to the st udy of IR lies mainly in emphasising the ontological reality of intersubjective knowledge, along with its epistemological and methodological implications. That is why constructivism argues international relations consist primarily of social facts, which have acquired such a status due to human agreement. They represent reified structures that were conceived ex nihilo by human consciousness, subsequently being diffused and consolidated until they were taken for granted (Adler, 1997:322-323). Constructivist scholars also believe that actors attach meanings to and cognitively frame the material world as well as their experiences. So collective understandings or the distribution of knowledge offer the reasons why certain elements are as they are, as well as the indications as to how actors should deploy their material capabilities (Wendt, 1992:397). One might deduce from the previous statement that the context of collective meanings structures the preferences and behaviour of political actors, which would suggest that constructivism features deterministic tendencies. On the contrary, its theoretical premises have a much more nuanced nature and the constructivist position within the agency-structure debate asserts that the two elements are mutually constitutive. Constructivism argues that meaningful conduct is possible only within an intersubjective social context, since agents develop relations with and understandings of others via ideas, norms and practices. In their absence, actions like the exercise of power would be devoid of meaning because ideas and norms have constitutive effects on identity, specifying the features that will enable others to recognise that identity and respond to it accordingly (Jepperson, Wendt and Katzenstein, 1996:54). In this process, agents exert their influence by consciously perpetuating and repro ducing the social context through their prolonged actions and practices. A significant point to remember is that structure becomes meaningless without some intersubjective set of ideas and norms, so neither anarchy nor the distribution of capabilities alone can socialise states to a particular conduct (Dessler, 1989:459-460). Until now the discussion of constructivism has mentioned several times the notions of constitutive effects or being mutually constitutive, but without describing more elaborately what they entail. The relation of constitution must be differentiated from that of causality, as constitutive theories enquire about the conditions which instantiate a phenomenon, rendering it possible. In this respect, Robert Cummins employs the concept of property theories because they have a different objective from causal explanations: to account for the properties of things by reference to the structures in virtue of which they exist (Cummins, 1983). Another key aspect of constitutive theorising refers to the fact that the counterfactual claim of necessity is conceptual or logical, not causal or natural (Wendt, 1998:106). For instance, the conditions constituting a phenomenon define what the latter is, which conveys a relationship of identity not causal determination. These two components are inextricab ly linked, so that when the conditions come into being, the phenomenon comes into being with them. By contrast, causal explanations rest on two different assumptions: the factors causing an event exist independently from their outcome and are also temporally prior to it. If one applies these theoretical assumptions to the context of ideas, several implications become immediately apparent. The significant role that ideas play in international relations is fully acknowledged only when we recognise their constitutive effects (Wendt, 1999:87). The relationship of constitution derives from the fact that ideas create political outcomes by shaping their properties, meanings, perceptions or interpretations. These are in turn dependent on their ideational source, they exist only in virtue of those ideas terrorism cannot be conceived apart from a national security discourse that defines it. The national security discourse is in turn inextricably linked to constructing a notion of terrorism, since without it the concept would be meaningless. When analysing foreign policy, dominant schools of thought in IR theory usually ignore ideas and identity or regard them as intervening variables at best, helping to account for outcomes which surpass the explanatory abilities of traditional materialist factors like power and interests. The approach in question is problematic as it does not encompass fully the ideational impact ideas in fact create materialist causes. The bottom line of what becomes most contested in the materialist-idealist debate is the relative contribution of brute material forces to power and interest explanations as opposed to ideas (Wendt, 1999:94). At this point it might be useful to consider briefly the traditional view of materialism which originates in Marxism. The classical Marxist dichotomy portrays the material base as the mode of production, while culture, ideology and other ideational factors belong to a non-material superstructure. Wendt believes the same principles can be extended and applied to re alism; after all, modes of destruction are as basic as modes of production (Wendt, 1999:94). Both instances contain a crucial issue, namely that ideational factors become completely separated from economic and military considerations. Here D.V. Porpora noted a conceptual contradiction, considering the fact that Marxism defines the modes of production not only via forces, but also via relations of production. Relations represent ideational phenomena embodied by institutions that ultimately refer to shared norms (Porpora, 1993:214). The obvious implication points to the fact that the material base of Marxism is actually infused with ideas and norms, which also reveals their constitutive role concerning materialism generally To further reinforce such an argument, it is necessary to challenge the conventional materialist view of interests by acknowledging their nature interests are actually cognitions or ideas. This perspective has been promoted by two distinct fields of knowledge and their associated scholars: cultural anthropology and philosophy. Drawing on cognitive psychology, the anthropologist R.G. DAndrade (1992:28) sees interests, desires or motivations as schemas (frames, representations, ideas), which reflect knowledge structures that make possible the identification of objects and events. A significant aspect to remember is that schemas are not given by human nature. DAndrade (1992:31) admits that some interests can be rooted in biological drives which alludes to their material nature, but biology fails to explain most of the goals human beings seem capable of pursuing and these are learned through socialisation. In this sense, the anthropologist offers the example of an interest for achievem ent: it implies a social standard about what counts as a legitimate aspiration and the individuals desiring to achieve have internalised that standard as a cognitive schema (DAndrade, 1992:35). A very similar opinion has been advanced by R.B.K. Howe who draws on philosophy to articulate a cognitive theory of interest or desire. He too acknowledges that biological mechanisms influence interests, yet even very primitive desires are mostly directionless and depend on beliefs or ideas about what is desirable to render them meaningful (Howe, 1994). That is why ideas play a key role in defining and directing material needs; one perceives a goal as valuable, which in turn determines ones interest in accomplishing it. These perceptions are learned sometimes by interacting with nature which resonates with materialist factors, but mostly they are learned through socialisation to culture an inherently idealist phenomenon (Howe, 1994). Consequently, having reached similar conclusions starting from different premises, scholars in cultural anthropology and philosophy identify the cognitive basis of interests, or that ideas and not material drives create interests to a great extent. In foreign policy analysis, the concept of national interest has been accorded considerably more explanatory ability compared to other variables, particularly due to the influence of the classical realist and neorealist frameworks. However, is its nature inherently materialist and objective as the realist school of thought would have one believe? Or does it rather represent the product and construct of different interpretation processes, in which case ideas and identity become essential? The neorealist approach to international relations rests on the assumptions that the distribution of material capability in the states system can be objectively assessed and that threats to national interests can be accurately recognised. Such a perspective largely ignores that threats are not self-evident and the national interest, when confronted with a problematic situation, becomes a matter of interpretation (Weldes, 1996:279), hence the significant influence of ideas and identity. Moreover, cons tructivism convincingly challenges the objective and materialist view of realism concerning national interests, reintroducing the crucial role of ideas and identity. It does so by promoting the tenet that people act towards objects, including other actors, on the basis of the meanings that the objects have for them (Wendt, 1992:396-397). Wendts work has had a fundamental contribution in reconceptualising the national interest as the product of intersubjective processes of meaning creation. Nevertheless, consistent with the neorealist tradition, he regards states through the black box metaphor, their internal processes being irrelevant to the construction of state identities and interests. Wendt (1992:401) argues that the meanings which states attach to phenomena and subsequently their interests and identities are shaped via inter-state interaction. This does reflect an important facet of identity formation, but also neglects the historical and political contexts in which national in terests are deeply embedded, because the interpretations defining state interests cannot be restricted to the meanings and ideas generated by inter-state interaction. After all, any state is inextricably linked to the domestic actors that take decisions in its name. These agents do internalise the norms characterising the international environment, yet they also approach politics with an already formed appreciation of the world, the international system and the position of their state within it (Weldes, 1996:280). The national actors ideas and interpretation of all these issues stem partly from domestic political and cultural contexts. As Antonio Gramsci (1971:112) noted, civil society is the sphere in which the struggle to define the categories of common sense takes place. After revealing interests as expressions of ideas, one might advance the counterargument that such a conceptualisation applies only to individuals, becoming irrelevant in the case of states and the international system. The latter brings forward another essential point of this paper, which argues that states articulate a constructed collective identity that influences what they perceive their interests to be. It is best shown when taking into account the example of foreign policy, a domain in which various actors make decisions according to their ideas and perceptions of the national interest. Following the collapse of the communist regime, Romania and its political leaders were faced with the opportunity to choose the appropriate future course for the emerging democracy. Their decision was to actively pursue a transformation for the new state, seeking to create a collective identity with the West. But before proceeding with the empirical discussion, it has become imperative to defin e and conceptualise one of its central notions identity. This context particularly deals with state identity because it represents the most relevant instance for analysing foreign policy. In the philosophical sense, identity can be defined as whatever makes an entity what it is, although such a definition is too broad to render the concept meaningful. That is why, for analytical purposes and conceptual utility, identity will be understood using a two-faceted definition. On the one hand, it can be regarded as a property of intentional actors that generates motivational and behavioural dispositions (Wendt, 1999:224). On the other hand, identity cannot be conceived without recognising that which is like, other and simultaneously like and other, or without an understanding of the self which comes from this recognition (Norton cited by Campbell, 1992: 78-79). Both facets of the definition suggest that identity contains at base a subjective or unit-level quality rooted in an actors self- understandings. Their meaning will often depend on whether others represent that actor in the same way, a feature which configures the inter-subjective quality of identity (Wendt, 1999:225). Even a simple example can illustrate the point in a more enlightening manner: Helen might think she is a lecturer but if that belief is not shared by her colleagues and students, then her identity will not operate in their interaction. In other words, both internal and external structures constitute an identity and it takes form under two types of ideas: those held by the Self and those held by the Other. The character of this internal-external relationship varies, which leads to the existence of several kinds of identity, rather than one unitary phenomenon susceptible to a general definition. Building on the work of James Fearon (1999), a typology that features several kinds of identity will be presented here, all inextricably linked and feeding into each other: personal and social, type, role, corporate and collective. First, personal identity is constituted by the self-organising, homeostatic structures that make actors distinct entities (Greenwood, 1994). These structures have a material base represented by the human body, as well as a social component. The latter points to a set of attributes, beliefs, desires, or principles of action that a person thinks distinguish her in socially relevant ways and that (a) the person takes a special pride in; (b) the person takes no special pride in, but which so orient her behavior that she would be at a loss about how to act and what to do without them; or (c) the person feels she could not change even if she wanted to (Fearon, 1999:25). What differentiates the personal identity of intentional actors from that of other entities is a consciousness and memory of Self as a separate locus of thought and activity (Wendt, 1999:225). It cannot be denied that people constitute distinct entities in virtue of biology, but without consciousness and memory a sense of I they are not agents. This aspect resonates even more in the case of a state, since its people must have a common narrative of themselves as a corporate actor. Therefore, the state itself might be considered a group Self capable of group-level recognition (Wilson and Sober, 1994:602). In the former, an identity is just a social category, a group of people designated by a label (or labels) that is commonly used either by the people designated, others, or both. This is the sense employed when we refer to American, French, Muslim, father, homosexual, (p.10) National identities, like American or Russian, are examples of type identities. There are almost no contexts in which it would make sense to speak of the the role of an American, except in a theatre play where role means part. Other social categories that are almost wholly type identities include party a_liation (e.g., Democrat or Republican), sexual identity (heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, etc.), and ethnic identity. Some identities or social categories involve both role and type. For example, mother is a role, but nonetheless we expect certain beliefs, attitudes, values, preferences, moral virtues, and so on, to be characteristic of people performing the role of mother (understandings that may change through time.) On the other hand, some role identities, which mainly but not exclusively comprise occupational categories, have few if any type features associated with them (for example, toll booth collector). Lastly, collective identity brings the Self-Other relationship to another stage and its logical conclusion identification. The latter represents a cognitive process in which the distinction between the two becomes blurred and sometimes even transcended, namely Self is categorised as Other. Identification tends to be issue specific and always involves extending the boundaries of the Self to include the Other. In this respect, collective identity uses both role and type ones and at the same time goes beyond their limits. It builds on role identities since both depend on the mechanism of incorporating the Other into the Self, which generates a socially constituted Me. The essential difference refers to their contrasting objectives: role identities use the mechanism to enable the Self and Other to play distinct roles, whereas a collective identity aims to merge the two entities into a single one. In the case of type identities, the situation is slightly more complicated. Collective iden tity builds on them as both require shared characteristics, but not all type identities are collective because not all involve the identification process Especially over the past decade, the discipline of IR has experienced what Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil (1996) called the return of culture and identity in IR theory. The 1950s and 1960s had brought for IR scholars an intense preoccupation with the role of national identities, particularly in the context of early EU integration studies by Karl Deutsch and Ernst Haas. Unfortunately, later on the concept became once again marginalised in favour of more objective and scientific approaches like neorealism and rational choice. The recent return of identity does not necessarily imply that the current use of the term may be considered equivalent to that of the 1950s-1960s. Rather, since the late 1980s, a new strand of theory regarding identity has emerged and slowly developed, which rejects essentialist notions while emphasising the constructed nature of social and political identities (see for example McSweeney, 1999; Albert et al., 2001). One of the works that is most often cited when discussing the relationship between state identity and foreign policy is that of David Campbell. In his 1992 book Writing security, he challenges the traditional narrative of asking how foreign policy serves the national interest and instead examines how the practice of foreign policy helps write and rewrite state identity. According to Campbell Danger is not an objective condition. It is not a thing which exists independently of those to whom it may become a threat (Campbell 1992: 1). As danger is an effect of interpretation (Ibid: 2), nothing is more or less dangerous than something else, except when interpreted as such. In terms of the non-essentialistic character of danger, the objectification and externalization of danger need to be understood as an effect of political practices rather than the condition of their possibility. As danger is never objective, Campbells argument continues, neither is the identity which it is said to threaten. Rather, the contours of this identity are subject to constant (re)writing, and foreign policy is an integral part of the discourses of danger which serve to discipline the state. Campbells theory a declared challenge to conventional approaches which assume a settled nature of identity is thus that state identity can be understood as the outcome of practices assoc iated with a discourse of danger. We speak about the foreign policy of the state x or state y, thereby indicating that the state is prior to the policy, but Campbells creative insights come to challenge such a position. He explains that national states are paradoxical entities which do not possess prediscursive stable identities (Ibid: 11). As states are always in the process of becoming, for a state to end its practices of representation would be to expose its lack of prediscursive foundations'(Ibid: 11). Ironically, the inability of the state project of security to succeed is the guarantor of the states continued success as an impelling identity. The constant articulation of danger through foreign policy is thus not a threat to a states identity or existence: it is its condition of possibility'( Ibid: 12). Building on such theoretical understanding, this paper offers an account of the processes through which Romanian state identity and its insecurities are produced, reproduced, and potentially transformed.

Essay on Lust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There

Lust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden in Her Face  Ã‚     Ã‚   When a comparison is made between There is a Garden in Her Face by Thomas Campion and Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, the difference between lustful adoration and true love becomes evident. Both poems involve descriptions of a beloved lady seen through the eyes of the speaker, but the speaker in Campion's poem discusses the woman's beautiful perfections, while the speaker in Shakespeare's poem shows that it is the woman's faults which make her beautiful. In There is a Garden in Her Face, the subject of the speaker's affection is idolized beyond reality and is placed so high upon a pedestal that she is virtually unattainable. Campion uses metaphors and similes to compare the lady to the splendors of nature. Roses and cherries are repeatedly used to describe various parts of the lady, like her rosy cheeks and luscious lips. Her teeth are said to be made "[o]f orient pearl a double row" (line 8). The white of the pearl, the lilies and the snow build the image of a woman of purity and virtue. This notion of the lady as a divine creature is further emphasized by the many references to heaven. Her face is seen as "[a] heavenly paradise"(3), her eyes are "like angels"(13), and her lips are called "sacred cherries"(17). They are a forbidden fruit, similar to those of the garden of Eden, that no one may touch or even look at "[t]ill 'Cherry ripe!' themselves do cry" (5). The lady is viewed to be unapproachable unless she gives her permission to be approached. She seems cold and unfeeling when her brows are described as "bended bows" (14) ready to kill with "piercing frowns"(15), so it is likely that she does not give her permission easi... ...uty which is impossible for any woman or man to match. Campion's poem reflects this impossible ideal that society inflicts on us. This woman in There is a Garden in Her Face could never really live up to the image that the speaker has created of her. The image is false, and so is his love because he is only focusing on her outward appearance. The speaker in Shakespeare's sonnet clearly is not in love with his mistress' looks. Everything about her is contrary to society's standards, but he understands the absurdity of these standards and rejects them. There is more to his mistress than meets the eye, and that is why he truly loves her.   Works Cited Abrams, M.H., ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: Norton, 1993. Campion, Thomas. "There is a Garden in Her Face." Abrams 1044. Shakespeare, William. "Sonnet 130." Abrams 820.       Essay on Lust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There Lust and Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 and Campion’s There is a Garden in Her Face  Ã‚     Ã‚   When a comparison is made between There is a Garden in Her Face by Thomas Campion and Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare, the difference between lustful adoration and true love becomes evident. Both poems involve descriptions of a beloved lady seen through the eyes of the speaker, but the speaker in Campion's poem discusses the woman's beautiful perfections, while the speaker in Shakespeare's poem shows that it is the woman's faults which make her beautiful. In There is a Garden in Her Face, the subject of the speaker's affection is idolized beyond reality and is placed so high upon a pedestal that she is virtually unattainable. Campion uses metaphors and similes to compare the lady to the splendors of nature. Roses and cherries are repeatedly used to describe various parts of the lady, like her rosy cheeks and luscious lips. Her teeth are said to be made "[o]f orient pearl a double row" (line 8). The white of the pearl, the lilies and the snow build the image of a woman of purity and virtue. This notion of the lady as a divine creature is further emphasized by the many references to heaven. Her face is seen as "[a] heavenly paradise"(3), her eyes are "like angels"(13), and her lips are called "sacred cherries"(17). They are a forbidden fruit, similar to those of the garden of Eden, that no one may touch or even look at "[t]ill 'Cherry ripe!' themselves do cry" (5). The lady is viewed to be unapproachable unless she gives her permission to be approached. She seems cold and unfeeling when her brows are described as "bended bows" (14) ready to kill with "piercing frowns"(15), so it is likely that she does not give her permission easi... ...uty which is impossible for any woman or man to match. Campion's poem reflects this impossible ideal that society inflicts on us. This woman in There is a Garden in Her Face could never really live up to the image that the speaker has created of her. The image is false, and so is his love because he is only focusing on her outward appearance. The speaker in Shakespeare's sonnet clearly is not in love with his mistress' looks. Everything about her is contrary to society's standards, but he understands the absurdity of these standards and rejects them. There is more to his mistress than meets the eye, and that is why he truly loves her.   Works Cited Abrams, M.H., ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: Norton, 1993. Campion, Thomas. "There is a Garden in Her Face." Abrams 1044. Shakespeare, William. "Sonnet 130." Abrams 820.